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Even single transistors are made on wafers like chips. Here is a modern PNP transistor. Third terminal is the back of the wafer. 6
Even single transistors are made on wafers like chips. Here is a modern PNP transistor. Third terminal is the back of the wafer.
Standardization, you need one process to do all the electronics just juggle parameters
Lithography. Building layer ,etching ,building layer, etching….all tiny layers of materials like a little landscape specialized for a purpose. Transistors are a wonderful work of functional art.
If you like die shots of anything from a single diode to full blown CPUs or MEMS Devices you’ll want to see Richis Lab! This dude extracts dies systematically and takes high quality puctures of them.
https://www.richis-lab.de/
The Page is in German but i think it’s manageable and definitely useful when youre looking after a specific part Number (https://www.richis-lab.de/semiconductors.htm)
Looks like a painting.
It’s crazy how tiny and efficient components that use modern processes are. Stuff rated for 50A with passive cooling that are the size of a few grains of rice, whereas 20 years ago similar components were chunky ceramic boxes with heatsinks.
I work for a major chip manufacturer, AMA